|
Information
on Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration is the name given to an ocular condition in which visual cells in the "macula" (or most important area of the retina for clear vision) begin to deteriorate. This most often occurs with aging, and is usually termed Age-related macular degeneration. Rarely it can occur in younger people, usually part of a disease of the retina. Forms of Age Related Macular Degeneration The most common form, accounting for about 90% of cases is the atrophic or dry variety. In this form, the retina (the light sensitive layer of the eye) slowly deteriorates in the macular region over a period of time. It is usually a slow, gradual loss of distinct central vision which occurs. For example, when looking at a book, the details on the page may be somewhat indistinct, while the edges of the page are quite clear. The end result is usually a loss of clear central vision, with peripheral vision remaining normal. Currently there is no medical treatment for this condition. The more serious form of macular degeneration is the neovascular or wet variety. Thankfully this only accounts for about 10% of cases, however one must be constantly watching for any signs or symptoms that may indicate a change from the "dry" to the "wet" form. In the wet form, fluids, such as blood or fatty substances, may leak into the retina. This often comes about because of the development of fragile new blood vessels growing under the macula. This fluid may cause damage to the the retina, but differs from the dry form in that it may rapidly reduce the clarity of the central vision. This form occasionally can be treated with a laser by burning the new blood vessels before much fluid leakage occurs. However, it must be caught early to be effective. What can be done? If you have age related macular degeneration, all is not lost! The majority of those affected will never have severe visual loss and won't require any special help beyond adequate lighting and spectacles. Others will be able to function quite well with the help of Low Vision Aids such as magnifiers, telescopes, etc. As mentioned above, it is in your best interest to be on guard for indications that you may be developing the "wet" variety. We recommend the following procedures to monitor your vision: (Please remember to do these with ONE EYE at a time) 1. Check the clarity of some familiar printed material (ie. bible) looking for any changes (3-5 times per week) 2. Find a familiar straight line (ie. doorframe, flagpole) and watch it occasionally, looking for any distortions or changes (3-5 times per week) 3. Look at an "Amsler Grid" at least three times each week. See instructions on grid for method. 4. The Amsler grid should be placed somewhere such that you will remember to view it regularly. Remember! Any changes you notice may be important! You should be seen promptly if changes are observed. Call our office immediately if this occurs. What about prevention? There is some evidence that some macular degeneration may occur more in those having extensive sun exposure. Just as doctors recommend avoiding excess sun-exposure to avoid skin problems, it is recommended that you protect your eyes as well. This is accomplished by wearing hats and sunglasses. The sunglasses should have ultra-violet absorption and preferably also block "blue" wavelenghts. Amber coloured lenses are often effective in this manner. There also is some indication that aging changes such as macular degeneration may be slowed down by certain vitamins and minerals. We would stress that this has not been widely proven in controlled studies, however reports of successes abound in many publications. It makes sense to ensure that you have a well balanced diet, according to the Canada Food Guide. The following items are often cited as having a beneficial effect on ocular tissues: Item Food Sources Vitamin C Fruits, Vegetables Vitamin A Dairy products, vegetables Vitamin E Eggs, wheat germ, green veg., legumes Zinc Red meat, soybeans, liver, spinach Copper legumes, seafood, nuts, organ meats Selenium eggs, garlic, green veg., seafood Lutein Green vegetables, broccoli, kale, spinach Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of essential vitamins and minerals, and we do not recommend any particular food or vitamin product. Excess intake of some vitamins and minerals can be dangerous! Again, try to maintain a well-balanced diet, and include some of the above items in it. If you are unsure about altering your diet, we would encourage you to consult your physician or nutritionist. For further information on Macular degeneration follow this link Macular Degeneration For the latest developments in macular degeneration follow AMD News |
|
|